Cryptographic algorithms have improved in a way that algorithm-level analysis is no longer capable of obtaining their secret key. However, these systems are still vulnerable to side-channel ATTACKs which focus on side-channel information including power consumption and electromagnetic field radiations to achieve the secret key. Dynamic differential logic is one of the most effective countermeasures against power analysis ATTACKs. In this approach, circuit power consumption is made flattened and uncorrelated to the secret data. This paper concentrates on several dynamic differential logic approaches most of which are implemented on reconfigurable circuits, and are claimed to be resistant against side-channel ATTACKs. The methods are explained and compared based on vulnerabilities, overheads and implementation details and limitations. Finally, it is concluded that less vulnerable approaches are designed at the expense of more imposed overhead. Research results show that the SDDL method with %200 and the DWDDL method with %1160 have the lowest and highest overheads respectively. However, the most resistant approach explained here, still faces some limitations in placement and routing which hinder its implementations.

Corrosion is one of the destructive factors that causes a lot of damage to the reinforcement inside the concrete and causes irreparable damage to the economy. Chlorine ion penetration in concrete is one of the most important factors affecting concrete corrosion. Therefore, it is necessary to refine corrosion by identifying the concrete properties using proper methods. In this study, the effect of adding zeolite (0, 10 and 15%) to concrete on the uniaxial compressive strength and penetration rate of chlorine ion in concrete was investigated. According to the tests result performed by adding zeolite at the beginning concrete compressive strength decreases but after 90 days the compressive strength increases and is approximately equal to the strength of control samples. Zeolite also reduces the penetration rate of chlorine ions into concrete by 30% on average (compared to the control sample). Finally, it can be concluded that using 10% zeolite improves the concrete properties.

Present research evaluates the RESISTANCE of natural pozzolan activated with a solid-compound activator against cycles of freeze-thaw. The deteriorating effects of the freeze-thaw cycles were evaluated through measuring the compressive strength, the total open pore volume, and the amount of water absorption of the mortar specimens. Activated natural pozzolan shows 100% loss of compressive strength after just 75 cycles of freeze-thaw, whereas Portland cement resists 200 cycles of freeze-thaw with only 17.4% reduction in compressive strength. The results obtained for the total open pore volume and the amount of water absorption also confirm the higher vulnerability of the activated natural pozzolan compared to Portland cement. After 50 cycles of freeze-thaw in the presence of 1.5, 3 and 4.5% calcium chloride solution, the mount of scaling in the mortar prisms of activated pozzolan is almost 4 times higher than that of mortar prisms of Portland cement.

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is capable of dramatically decreasing growth and yield of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) in Egypt. Aiming to offer an alternative method to be used for its control, we evaluated the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on induced RESISTANCE in bean seedlings against spider mite ATTACK. Possible defense responses that were involved were also elucidated. The 9 and 18-day results proved that foliar application of SA at 50 and 100 mg l has a clear influence on containing mite populations, with higher efficiency observed at the higher concentrations. Consistent with the incidence of induced RESISTANCE and defense reactions, the remarkable increase in peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities and phenolic and flavonoid contents was detected in SA and/or the infestation bean treatments. In contrast, catalase (CAT) activity showed a different trend, as it was significantly decreased in the leaves subjected to individual infestation. The highest levels of all tested enzymes and compounds were noticed after 18 days at 100 mg l-1 SA combined with the infestation treatments. In addition, increased mite population density led to a reduction in chlorophyll content, but SA was able to partly revert that loss in a concentration and time– dependent manner with 100 mg l-1 concentration being more effective at 18 days following application. Together, these results indicate that SA treatments at the proper concentration and time could potentiate the RESISTANCE in bean plants against T. urticae.

Using fibers to reduce cracks and increase the joint spacing of concrete slabs has become popular in the concrete pavements of airports and freeways recently. However, their durability behavior against acid rain has been less studied. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanical performance and durability of concrete reinforced with polyolefin and polypropylene fibers containing 15% of pozzolanic materials (pumice or metakaolin) instead of Portland type II cement. In this regard, compressive and flexural strength were measured to investigate the mechanical behavior of the studied mixtures at different ages. On the other hand, chemical RESISTANCE against acid rain simulated was investigated through the visual examination and weight loss, and also microstructural analysis was performed by SEM analysis and CT scan testing. Based on these results, the addition of both of these fibers in concrete reduces the compressive strength of concretes compared to the similar content in the control concrete. On the contrary, fibers increased flexural strength, which became much more significant with the addition of pozzolanic materials. However, ordinary and fibrous concrete containing pozzolanic materials showed a weak performance against acid rain. Based on the results of CT scan and SEM analysis, concretes containing pozzolanic materials have a porous structure. Besides, the ratio of calcium to silicon in them is much lower than the control concrete due to decalcification reactions caused by acid ATTACKs.

Background: Previous literatures have shown a transient ischemic ATTACK (TIA) mimic rate of 9-31%. We aimed to ascertain the proportion of stroke mimics amongst suspected TIA patients.Methods: A prospective observational study was performed in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran during 2012-2013. Consecutive TIA patients were identified in a stroke center.The initial diagnosis of TIA was made by the resident of neurology and final diagnosis of true TIA versus TIA mimics was made after 3 months follow-up by stroke subspecialist.Results: A total of 310 patients were assessed during a 3-month period of which 182 (58.7%) subjects were male and 128 (41.3%) were female. Ten percent of the patients was categorized as a TIA mimic. The presence of hypertension, aphasia, duration of symptoms, and increased age was the strongest predictor of a true TIA. Migraine was the most common etiology of stroke mimic in our study.Conclusion: It seems that many signs and symptoms have low diagnostic usefulness for discrimination of true TIA from non-cerebrovascular events and predictive usefulness of any sign or symptom should be interpreted by a stroke neurologist.

Wood Plastic Composite as new wood component products is made by wood fiber or powder elements with thermoset or thermoplastic materials. In recent periods of ten years the components have been produced by west industrial countries and as well in United State of America as wood water resistant materials. Samples of wood plastic and untreated wood specimens of maple and elm were prepared in laboratory. The effects of water, fire and fungus (Trametes versicolor) on the wood samples with using ASTM and EN standards were investigated. The results showed that the highest RESISTANCE wood samples against fire was related to wood plastic made by polypropylene and the lowest RESISTANCE of wood samples was associated to untreated maple. In the case of floating samples in water, results indicated that increase cross section of wood plastic decreases the rate of water penetration in wood samples. The results of fungal ATTACK in laboratory tests on wood plastic samples showed that component made by 30% polypropylene and 30% polyethylene and 40% wood fiber is able to resist significantly against rotting fugal.The weight loss of untreated maple samples against fungal ATTACK was 38.5% that probably is related to being high percent of sugar and starch materials in wood species. There was a difference about 3% of weight loss between natural maple (control) and maple treated by sea water. Therefore, maple is a perishable species in wood durability classification. Heartwood of elm was very resistant to wood rotting fungus and the mean weight loss of wood samples was 3.75%. As a result in wood classification this wood specie is very durable. Appling of sea water only 0.5% increased wood RESISTANCE to fungal activity. The results of fungus ATTACK on wood plastic showed this wood product is very resistant and during 6 weeks incubation only 3.14% of its weight was decreased.